刺激性气体

[{ "id" : "2", "name" : "刺激性气体", "children" : [ { "id" : "3", "name" : "氯气", "children" : [ { "id" : "5", "name" : "理化特性", "children" : [ { "id" : "7", "name" : "黄绿色，强烈刺激性", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "9", "name" : "易溶于水、碱液和有机溶液", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "11", "name" : "损害作用主要由", "children" : [ { "id" : "13", "name" : "次氯酸和氯化氢", "children" : [ ] } ] } ] }, { "id" : "15", "name" : "接触机会", "children" : [ { "id" : "17", "name" : "电解食盐", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "19", "name" : "制造化合物", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "21", "name" : "制作强化剂和漂白剂", "children" : [ ] } ] }, { "id" : "23", "name" : "毒理", "children" : [ { "id" : "25", "name" : "低浓度：眼及上呼吸道", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "27", "name" : "高浓度：呼吸道深部+肺泡--肺水肿", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "29", "name" : "极高浓度", "children" : [ { "id" : "31", "name" : "电击样死亡，心脏骤停", "children" : [ ] } ] } ] }, { "id" : "33", "name" : "临床表现", "children" : [ { "id" : "35", "name" : "慢性作用", "children" : [ { "id" : "37", "name" : "刺激症状", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "39", "name" : "神经衰弱", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "41", "name" : "胃肠功能紊乱，牙齿酸蚀症", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "43", "name" : "痤疮样皮疹", "children" : [ ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id" : "45", "name" : "氮氧化物", "children" : [ { "id" : "47", "name" : "理化特性", "children" : [ { "id" : "49", "name" : "俗称 “硝烟”", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "51", "name" : "通常情况以混合气体存在", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "53", "name" : "二氧化氮", "children" : [ { "id" : "55", "name" : "红棕色", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "57", "name" : "刺激性气味", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "59", "name" : "溶于碱和有机溶剂", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "61", "name" : "性质较稳定", "children" : [ ] } ] } ] }, { "id" : "63", "name" : "接触机会", "children" : [ { "id" : "65", "name" : "制造硝酸/硝基化合物", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "67", "name" : "作为燃料/爆破", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "69", "name" : "焊接", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "71", "name" : "谷仓气体", "children" : [ ] } ] }, { "id" : "73", "name" : "毒理", "children" : [ { "id" : "75", "name" : "主要进入深部呼吸道，产生刺激和
腐蚀作用，导致肺水肿", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "77", "name" : "硝酸引起血管扩张，血压下降", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "79", "name" : "亚硝酸氧化产生高铁血红蛋白，引起组织缺氧", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "81", "name" : "氮氧化物", "children" : [ { "id" : "83", "name" : "二氧化氮为主", "children" : [ { "id" : "85", "name" : "主要引起肺损害", "children" : [ ] } ] }, { "id" : "87", "name" : "一氧化氮为主", "children" : [ { "id" : "89", "name" : "高铁血红蛋白症", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "91", "name" : "中枢神经系统损害", "children" : [ ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id" : "93", "name" : "临床表现", "children" : [ { "id" : "95", "name" : "肺水肿", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "97", "name" : "迟发性阻塞性毛细支气管炎", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "99", "name" : "以上为治疗重点", "children" : [ ] } ] }, { "id" : "101", "name" : "治疗", "children" : [ { "id" : "103", "name" : "保持呼吸道通畅", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "105", "name" : "早期、足量、短程应用糖皮质激素", "children" : [ ] } ] } ] }, { "id" : "107", "name" : "氨", "children" : [ { "id" : "109", "name" : "理化特性", "children" : [ { "id" : "111", "name" : "无色、刺激性臭味", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "113", "name" : "极易溶于水", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "115", "name" : "碱化脂肪", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "117", "name" : "易燃易爆炸", "children" : [ ] } ] }, { "id" : "119", "name" : "接触机会", "children" : [ { "id" : "121", "name" : "合成氨", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "123", "name" : "氮肥", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "125", "name" : "液氨制冷", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "127", "name" : "以氨为原料的制造业", "children" : [ ] } ] }, { "id" : "129", "name" : "毒理", "children" : [ { "id" : "131", "name" : "低浓度", "children" : [ { "id" : "133", "name" : "眼和上呼吸道", "children" : [ ] } ] }, { "id" : "135", "name" : "高浓度", "children" : [ { "id" : "137", "name" : "碱化脂肪，溶解坏死", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "139", "name" : "炎症、灼伤、肺水肿", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "141", "name" : "低氧血症和ARDS ", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "143", "name" : "抑制能量代谢", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "145", "name" : "心跳呼吸骤停", "children" : [ ] } ] } ] }, { "id" : "147", "name" : "临床表现", "children" : [ { "id" : "149", "name" : "灼伤", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "151", "name" : "肺水肿", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "153", "name" : "中毒性肝肾损害", "children" : [ ] } ] }, { "id" : "155", "name" : "治疗原则", "children" : [ { "id" : "157", "name" : "预防肺水肿和肺部感染是治疗的关键", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "159", "name" : "积极处理眼灼伤", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "161", "name" : "强调四早", "children" : [ { "id" : "163", "name" : "早吸氧", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "165", "name" : "早雾化吸入中和剂", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "167", "name" : "早期应用糖皮质激素", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "169", "name" : "早期使用抗生素预防感染", "children" : [ ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id" : "171", "name" : "概念：指对眼、呼吸道黏膜和皮肤具有刺激作用，引起机体急性炎症、
         肺水肿为主要病理改变的一类气态物质", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "173", "name" : "常见有", "children" : [ { "id" : "175", "name" : "氯", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "177", "name" : "氨", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "179", "name" : "氮氧化物", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "181", "name" : "氟化氢", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "183", "name" : "光气", "children" : [ ] } ] }, { "id" : "185", "name" : "依化学作用分为", "children" : [ { "id" : "187", "name" : "酸", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "189", "name" : "碱", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "191", "name" : "氧化剂", "children" : [ ] } ] }, { "id" : "193", "name" : "共性", "children" : [ { "id" : "195", "name" : "局部损害为主", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "197", "name" : "刺激过强时引起肺水肿，
危害面广，常引起多人中毒", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "199", "name" : "多具有腐蚀性，常因跑、冒、滴、漏而污染作业环境", "children" : [ ] } ] }, { "id" : "201", "name" : "影响因素", "children" : [ { "id" : "203", "name" : "作用部位与水溶性有关", "children" : [ { "id" : "205", "name" : "高溶解度：眼和上午呼吸道", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "207", "name" : "低溶解度：呼吸道深部", "children" : [ ] } ] }, { "id" : "209", "name" : "病变程度取决于", "children" : [ { "id" : "211", "name" : "浓度", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "213", "name" : "吸收速率", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "215", "name" : "持续作用的时间", "children" : [ ] } ] } ] }, { "id" : "217", "name" : "毒作用表现", "children" : [ { "id" : "219", "name" : "易引起肺水肿的气体", "children" : [ { "id" : "221", "name" : "光气", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "223", "name" : "二氧化氮", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "225", "name" : "氨气", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "227", "name" : "氯气", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "229", "name" : "臭氧", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "231", "name" : "甲醛", "children" : [ ] } ] }, { "id" : "233", "name" : "中毒性肺水肿分期", "children" : [ { "id" : "235", "name" : "刺激期", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "237", "name" : "潜伏期", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "239", "name" : "肺水肿期", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "241", "name" : "恢复期", "children" : [ ] } ] }, { "id" : "243", "name" : "慢性作用", "children" : [ { "id" : "245", "name" : "牙齿酸蚀症", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "247", "name" : "慢性炎症", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "249", "name" : "致敏作用", "children" : [ ] } ] }, { "id" : "251", "name" : "防治原则", "children" : [ { "id" : "253", "name" : "卫生技术", "children" : [ { "id" : "255", "name" : "严防跑、冒、滴、漏，密闭抽风", "children" : [ ] } ] }, { "id" : "257", "name" : "个人防护", "children" : [ ] } ] }, { "id" : "259", "name" : "处理原则", "children" : [ { "id" : "261", "name" : "积极防治", "children" : [ { "id" : "263", "name" : "肺水肿", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "265", "name" : "ARDS", "children" : [ ] } ] }, { "id" : "267", "name" : "现场处理", "children" : [ { "id" : "269", "name" : "1.脱离有毒作业，防止进一步接触", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "271", "name" : "2.消除中毒因素", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "273", "name" : "3.事故报告和调查", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "275", "name" : "4.进行预防健康筛检", "children" : [ ] } ] }, { "id" : "277", "name" : "治疗原则", "children" : [ { "id" : "279", "name" : "保持呼吸道通畅", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "281", "name" : "改善和维持通气功能", "children" : [ { "id" : "283", "name" : "尽早", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "285", "name" : "足量", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "287", "name" : "短期", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "289", "name" : "应用糖皮质激素", "children" : [ ] } ] }, { "id" : "291", "name" : "合理氧疗", "children" : [ ] }, { "id" : "293", "name" : "对症治疗", "children" : [ ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }]