职业卫生学-刺激性气体
[{
"id" : "2",
"name" : "刺激性气体",
"children" : [ {
"id" : "3",
"name" : "氯气",
"children" : [ {
"id" : "5",
"name" : "理化特性",
"children" : [ {
"id" : "7",
"name" : "黄绿色,强烈刺激性",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "9",
"name" : "易溶于水、碱液和有机溶液",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "11",
"name" : "损害作用主要由",
"children" : [ {
"id" : "13",
"name" : "次氯酸和氯化氢",
"children" : [ ]
} ]
} ]
}, {
"id" : "15",
"name" : "接触机会",
"children" : [ {
"id" : "17",
"name" : "电解食盐",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "19",
"name" : "制造化合物",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "21",
"name" : "制作强化剂和漂白剂",
"children" : [ ]
} ]
}, {
"id" : "23",
"name" : "毒理",
"children" : [ {
"id" : "25",
"name" : "低浓度:眼及上呼吸道",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "27",
"name" : "高浓度:呼吸道深部+肺泡--肺水肿",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "29",
"name" : "极高浓度",
"children" : [ {
"id" : "31",
"name" : "电击样死亡,心脏骤停",
"children" : [ ]
} ]
} ]
}, {
"id" : "33",
"name" : "临床表现",
"children" : [ {
"id" : "35",
"name" : "慢性作用",
"children" : [ {
"id" : "37",
"name" : "刺激症状",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "39",
"name" : "神经衰弱",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "41",
"name" : "胃肠功能紊乱,牙齿酸蚀症",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "43",
"name" : "痤疮样皮疹",
"children" : [ ]
} ]
} ]
} ]
}, {
"id" : "45",
"name" : "氮氧化物",
"children" : [ {
"id" : "47",
"name" : "理化特性",
"children" : [ {
"id" : "49",
"name" : "俗称 “硝烟”",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "51",
"name" : "通常情况以混合气体存在",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "53",
"name" : "二氧化氮",
"children" : [ {
"id" : "55",
"name" : "红棕色",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "57",
"name" : "刺激性气味",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "59",
"name" : "溶于碱和有机溶剂",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "61",
"name" : "性质较稳定",
"children" : [ ]
} ]
} ]
}, {
"id" : "63",
"name" : "接触机会",
"children" : [ {
"id" : "65",
"name" : "制造硝酸/硝基化合物",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "67",
"name" : "作为燃料/爆破",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "69",
"name" : "焊接",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "71",
"name" : "谷仓气体",
"children" : [ ]
} ]
}, {
"id" : "73",
"name" : "毒理",
"children" : [ {
"id" : "75",
"name" : "主要进入深部呼吸道,产生刺激和
腐蚀作用,导致肺水肿",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "77",
"name" : "硝酸引起血管扩张,血压下降",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "79",
"name" : "亚硝酸氧化产生高铁血红蛋白,引起组织缺氧",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "81",
"name" : "氮氧化物",
"children" : [ {
"id" : "83",
"name" : "二氧化氮为主",
"children" : [ {
"id" : "85",
"name" : "主要引起肺损害",
"children" : [ ]
} ]
}, {
"id" : "87",
"name" : "一氧化氮为主",
"children" : [ {
"id" : "89",
"name" : "高铁血红蛋白症",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "91",
"name" : "中枢神经系统损害",
"children" : [ ]
} ]
} ]
} ]
}, {
"id" : "93",
"name" : "临床表现",
"children" : [ {
"id" : "95",
"name" : "肺水肿",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "97",
"name" : "迟发性阻塞性毛细支气管炎",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "99",
"name" : "以上为治疗重点",
"children" : [ ]
} ]
}, {
"id" : "101",
"name" : "治疗",
"children" : [ {
"id" : "103",
"name" : "保持呼吸道通畅",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "105",
"name" : "早期、足量、短程应用糖皮质激素",
"children" : [ ]
} ]
} ]
}, {
"id" : "107",
"name" : "氨",
"children" : [ {
"id" : "109",
"name" : "理化特性",
"children" : [ {
"id" : "111",
"name" : "无色、刺激性臭味",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "113",
"name" : "极易溶于水",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "115",
"name" : "碱化脂肪",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "117",
"name" : "易燃易爆炸",
"children" : [ ]
} ]
}, {
"id" : "119",
"name" : "接触机会",
"children" : [ {
"id" : "121",
"name" : "合成氨",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "123",
"name" : "氮肥",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "125",
"name" : "液氨制冷",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "127",
"name" : "以氨为原料的制造业",
"children" : [ ]
} ]
}, {
"id" : "129",
"name" : "毒理",
"children" : [ {
"id" : "131",
"name" : "低浓度",
"children" : [ {
"id" : "133",
"name" : "眼和上呼吸道",
"children" : [ ]
} ]
}, {
"id" : "135",
"name" : "高浓度",
"children" : [ {
"id" : "137",
"name" : "碱化脂肪,溶解坏死",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "139",
"name" : "炎症、灼伤、肺水肿",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "141",
"name" : "低氧血症和ARDS ",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "143",
"name" : "抑制能量代谢",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "145",
"name" : "心跳呼吸骤停",
"children" : [ ]
} ]
} ]
}, {
"id" : "147",
"name" : "临床表现",
"children" : [ {
"id" : "149",
"name" : "灼伤",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "151",
"name" : "肺水肿",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "153",
"name" : "中毒性肝肾损害",
"children" : [ ]
} ]
}, {
"id" : "155",
"name" : "治疗原则",
"children" : [ {
"id" : "157",
"name" : "预防肺水肿和肺部感染是治疗的关键",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "159",
"name" : "积极处理眼灼伤",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "161",
"name" : "强调四早",
"children" : [ {
"id" : "163",
"name" : "早吸氧",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "165",
"name" : "早雾化吸入中和剂",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "167",
"name" : "早期应用糖皮质激素",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "169",
"name" : "早期使用抗生素预防感染",
"children" : [ ]
} ]
} ]
} ]
}, {
"id" : "171",
"name" : "概念:指对眼、呼吸道黏膜和皮肤具有刺激作用,引起机体急性炎症、
肺水肿为主要病理改变的一类气态物质",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "173",
"name" : "常见有",
"children" : [ {
"id" : "175",
"name" : "氯",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "177",
"name" : "氨",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "179",
"name" : "氮氧化物",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "181",
"name" : "氟化氢",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "183",
"name" : "光气",
"children" : [ ]
} ]
}, {
"id" : "185",
"name" : "依化学作用分为",
"children" : [ {
"id" : "187",
"name" : "酸",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "189",
"name" : "碱",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "191",
"name" : "氧化剂",
"children" : [ ]
} ]
}, {
"id" : "193",
"name" : "共性",
"children" : [ {
"id" : "195",
"name" : "局部损害为主",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "197",
"name" : "刺激过强时引起肺水肿,
危害面广,常引起多人中毒",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "199",
"name" : "多具有腐蚀性,常因跑、冒、滴、漏而污染作业环境",
"children" : [ ]
} ]
}, {
"id" : "201",
"name" : "影响因素",
"children" : [ {
"id" : "203",
"name" : "作用部位与水溶性有关",
"children" : [ {
"id" : "205",
"name" : "高溶解度:眼和上午呼吸道",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "207",
"name" : "低溶解度:呼吸道深部",
"children" : [ ]
} ]
}, {
"id" : "209",
"name" : "病变程度取决于",
"children" : [ {
"id" : "211",
"name" : "浓度",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "213",
"name" : "吸收速率",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "215",
"name" : "持续作用的时间",
"children" : [ ]
} ]
} ]
}, {
"id" : "217",
"name" : "毒作用表现",
"children" : [ {
"id" : "219",
"name" : "易引起肺水肿的气体",
"children" : [ {
"id" : "221",
"name" : "光气",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "223",
"name" : "二氧化氮",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "225",
"name" : "氨气",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "227",
"name" : "氯气",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "229",
"name" : "臭氧",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "231",
"name" : "甲醛",
"children" : [ ]
} ]
}, {
"id" : "233",
"name" : "中毒性肺水肿分期",
"children" : [ {
"id" : "235",
"name" : "刺激期",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "237",
"name" : "潜伏期",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "239",
"name" : "肺水肿期",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "241",
"name" : "恢复期",
"children" : [ ]
} ]
}, {
"id" : "243",
"name" : "慢性作用",
"children" : [ {
"id" : "245",
"name" : "牙齿酸蚀症",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "247",
"name" : "慢性炎症",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "249",
"name" : "致敏作用",
"children" : [ ]
} ]
}, {
"id" : "251",
"name" : "防治原则",
"children" : [ {
"id" : "253",
"name" : "卫生技术",
"children" : [ {
"id" : "255",
"name" : "严防跑、冒、滴、漏,密闭抽风",
"children" : [ ]
} ]
}, {
"id" : "257",
"name" : "个人防护",
"children" : [ ]
} ]
}, {
"id" : "259",
"name" : "处理原则",
"children" : [ {
"id" : "261",
"name" : "积极防治",
"children" : [ {
"id" : "263",
"name" : "肺水肿",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "265",
"name" : "ARDS",
"children" : [ ]
} ]
}, {
"id" : "267",
"name" : "现场处理",
"children" : [ {
"id" : "269",
"name" : "1.脱离有毒作业,防止进一步接触",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "271",
"name" : "2.消除中毒因素",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "273",
"name" : "3.事故报告和调查",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "275",
"name" : "4.进行预防健康筛检",
"children" : [ ]
} ]
}, {
"id" : "277",
"name" : "治疗原则",
"children" : [ {
"id" : "279",
"name" : "保持呼吸道通畅",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "281",
"name" : "改善和维持通气功能",
"children" : [ {
"id" : "283",
"name" : "尽早",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "285",
"name" : "足量",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "287",
"name" : "短期",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "289",
"name" : "应用糖皮质激素",
"children" : [ ]
} ]
}, {
"id" : "291",
"name" : "合理氧疗",
"children" : [ ]
}, {
"id" : "293",
"name" : "对症治疗",
"children" : [ ]
} ]
} ]
} ]
} ]
}]